Introduction:

It is the branch of engineering which deals with the measurement, monitoring, display etc. of the several of energy exchanges which take place during process operations. "In short Instrumentation is the study of Instrument."

Instrument:

Instrument is a device which is used to measure, monitor, display etc. of a process variable.

Some Saudi Aramco Standards (SAES):

1-             SAES – J-001 (Instrument Index)

2-             SAES – J-002 (Regulated Vendor List for Instrument/Technically Acceptable Instrument)

3-             SAES – J-003 (Basic Design Criteria)

4-             SAES – J-004 (Instrument Symbol and Identification)

5-             SAES – J-005 (Drawing and Forms)

6-             SAES – J-100 (Flow Measurement)

7-             SAES – J-200 (Pressure Measurement)

8-             SAES – J-300 (Level Measurement)

9-             SAES – J-400 (Temperature Measurement)

10-          SAES – J-502 (Analyzer Shelter)

11-          SAES – J-505 (Combustible Gas and Hydrogen Sulfide in Air Detection System).

12-          SAES – J-600 (Pressure Relief Valve)

13-          SEAS – J-601 (Emergency Shutdown and Isolation Systems)

14-          SAES – J-700 (Control Valve)

15-          SAES – J-801 (Control Building)

16-          SAES – J-901 (Instrument Air Supply System)

17-          SAES – J-902 (Electrical System for Instrumentation) – Cable tray Noise Susceptibility Levels (NSL)

18-          SAES – J-903 (Intrinsically Safe System)

19-          SAES – B-006 (Fire Proofing of Cable for Fire Hazardous Area)

20-          SAES – B-068 (Electrical Area Classification)

21-          SAES – P-104 (Wiring Methods and Materials)

22-          SAES – P-111 (Grounding)

23-          SAES – P-103 (UPS and DC System)

24-          SAES – T-634 (Telecommunications - Cable Testing and Acceptance)

25-          SAES – T-796 (Communications Facility Grounding Systems)

26-          SAES – T-911 (Telecommunication Conduit System Design)

Various NEC article numbers:

250          Grounding and Bonding

300          Wiring Methods & Materials

320          Armored Cable

344          Rigid Metal Conduits

352          Rigid Nonmetallic Conduits

354          Nonmetallic Underground Conduits

358          High Density Polyethylene Conduits

360          Flexible Metallic Tubing

362          Electrical Nonmetallic Tubing (ENT)

366          Power and Tray Cable

392          Cable Tray

500/505    Hazardous Location

504          Intrinsically Safe System

700          Emergency System

727          Instrument Cable Tray

760          Fire Alarm System

Some Abbreviations:

QCP                 Quality Control Plan

ITP                   Inspection Test Plan

TQ                    Technical Query

SAEP               Saudi Aramco Engineering Procedure

SAES               Saudi Aramco Engineering Standard

SAIC                 Saudi Aramco Inspection Checklist

SATIP               Saudi Aramco Typical Inspection Plan

SATR                Saudi Aramco Test Report

SASD               Saudi Aramco Standard Drawing

SAIP                 Saudi Aramco Inspection Personal

SAMSS            Saudi Aramco Materials System Specification

SASO               Saudi Arabian Standards Organization

AWC                 Armor Wire Cable

NEC                 National Electrical Code

NACE               National American Corrosion Engineers

SCADA             Supervisory Control and Data Equation

ANSI                 American National Standards Institute

ASTM               American Society for Testing and Materials

ASME               American Society of Mechanical Engineers

BS                    British Standards

IEEE                 Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers

ICEA                 Insulated Cable Engineers Associations

IEC                   International Electrotechnical Commission

NEMA               National Electrical Manufactures Associations

NFPA               National Fire Protection Association

ATEX                Atmospheres Explosibles

FM                   Factory Mutual

IP                     Ingress Protection

UL                    Underwriters Laboratories

ITC                   Instrument Tray Cable

PLTC                Power Limited Tray Cable

PVC                 Polyvinyl Chloride

XLPE                Cross Linked Polyethylene

XLPO               Cross Linked Polyolefin

HDP                 High Density Polyethylene

RTD                  Resistance Temperature Detector

SWA                 Still Wire Armored

MICC                Mineral Insulation Copper Conductor

PILC                 Paper Insulation Copper Conductor

FOC                 Fiber Optical Cable

OTDR               Optical Time Domain Reflectometer

RTA                  Request for Technical Approval

MTC                 Material Test Certificate

Color Code:

AC Supply:                   Phase               Black

                                    Neutral              White

                                    Ground             Green or Green with yellow tracer

DC Supply:                   Positive                        Red

                                    Negative           Black

Signal Pair:                  Positive                        Black

                                    Negative           White

Signal Tried:                Positive            Black

                                    Negative           White

                                    Third Wire         Red

Thermocouple:             Positive            as per ANSI MC 96.1 (Yellow)

                                    Negative           as per ANSI MC 96.1 (Red)

Instrumentation Question And Answer

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       1.             What is QA/QC?

Ans:   QA/QC means, “Quality Assurance / Quality Control” The purpose of this (QA/QC) is to establish the sequence of requirement for the quality of material, quality of works, its inspection, and records.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                

2.             What is the MMG Quality Control Management System?

Ans: ISO 9001 ~ 2000

3.             What is the Quality Control?

Ans:   Quality Control “Those activities and techniques used to achieve and maintain the quality of product, process or service”.

4.             What is Quality Control Plan?

Ans:   Quality Plan “Document Specification which procedures and associated resources shall be applied by whom and when to specific project, product, process or contract”.

5.             What is non-conformity?

Ans:   Non-conformity “Non-fulfillment of requirement”. (Complete failure of a system, or controls, which result in completely unsatisfactory goods or services being provided).

6.             What is the Specification?

Ans: Governing Document Acceptance Criteria.

7.             Who are the responsible for Quality?

Ans: Everybody within all organization.

8.             What is the basic responsibility of a QA/QC personal?

Ans: To ensure execution of works and comply fully as per standard and approved specs.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                

9.             What is the basic required document for a QA/QC personal?

Ans:   The basic required documents for a QA/QC personal are as following.

ITP (Inspection Test Plan): To conduct the quality check (Inspection of Witness, Surveillance and Hold Point) etc.

RFI: To conduct the inspection of completed work.

QR (Quality Record): To maintain the quality records of completed works etc.

NCR: To issue warning in case of serious violation of standard.

WP (Work Procedure): Standard procedure to execute the works.

P & ID: As a reference to ensure that the work is as per standard drawing.

MTC: To ensure that material comply the PES standard specs.

Calibration Report: To ensure parameters are function checked as per IDS.

PP (Project Plan): To ensure that the instruments are installation as per P & ID and PP as per convenience.

Hook-up: To ensure that the remote connection of pneumatic is done correctly.

Wiring Diagrams: To ensure that wiring is done correctly

ILD: To ensure that the sequential wiring is done correctly.

IDS/ISS: To ensure that the instruments comply with the basic requirement.

QCO: To issue a warning in case of little violation and observation.

DR: Discrepancy Report.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             

10.          What are QA/QC’s ITP and QCP? Give brief?

Ans:   ITP: This procedure informs about the kinds of quality check (surveillance, inspection, witness or hold pints) means quality of works is being done in proper sequences.

QCP: This procedure addresses the activities and requirement in details.